centos7 安装Mariadb并创建多实例
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一、安装
1.1 yum 安装
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y
1.2 启动并初始化
[root@linux-node1 ~]# service mariadb start [root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n ... skipping. By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
1.3 检查登录情况
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 7 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
二、创建多实例
2.1 创建目录
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mkdir /home/multiMysql
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mkdir /home/multiMysql/{etc,socket,bin,datadir}在/home目录下创建multiMysql文件夹,并在里面创建etc,socket,bin,datadir这四个文件夹备用。
现在我们在datadir中创建3个文件夹以放置三个实例的数据文件:3307,3308,3309
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mkdir /home/multiMysql/datadir/{3307,3308,3309}然后用mysql_install_db来生成即将使用的多个实例的数据文件,首先需要对/home/multiMysql进行递归授权防止之后的操作出现权限不够的情况:
[root@linux-node1 ~]# chmod -R 777 /home/multiMysql
2.2 初始化实例
$ mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/home/multiMysql/datadir/3307 --user=mysql $ mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/home/multiMysql/datadir/3308 --user=mysql $ mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/home/multiMysql/datadir/3309 --user=mysql
其中的参数--basedir是指mysql的二进制文件目录(误?),--datadir是指即将安装到的数据库文件目录,如果不知道--basedir该怎么填,可以登录进mysql后查询:
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%basedir%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | basedir | /usr | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
--user是指mysql实例将使用的在linux系统中的用户,最好命名为mysql,yum安装后一般都有这个用户,如果没有可以自主创建:
2.3 创建多实例配置文件
2.3.1 创建共用配置文件
$ mkdir /home/multiMysql/etc/my.cnf.d/ #vim /home/multiMysql/etc/my.cnf.d/my.cnf [mysqld] skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=row slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m> [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192
2.3.2 创建三个实例的配置文件:
#3307
#vim 3307.cnf [client] port = 3307 socket = /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3307.sock [mysqld] datadir=/home/multiMysql/datadir/3307 port = 3307 server_id =1 socket = /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3307.sock !includedir /home/multiMysql/etc/my.cnf.d
#3308
vim 3308.cnf [client] port = 3308 socket = /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3308.sock [mysqld] datadir=/home/multiMysql/datadir/3308 port = 3308 socket = /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3308.sock
#3309
#vim 3309.cnf [client] port = 3309 socket = /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3309.sock [mysqld] datadir=/home/multiMysql/datadir/3309 port = 3309 socket = /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3309.sock
2.4 启动实例
$ /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/multiMysql/etc/3307.cnf & $ /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/multiMysql/etc/3308.cnf & $ /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/multiMysql/etc/3309.cnf &
2.5 登录查看
[root@linux-node1 etc]# mysql -u root -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3307.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> \q Bye [root@linux-node1 etc]# mysql -u root -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3308.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> \q Bye [root@linux-node1 etc]# mysql -u root -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3309.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
2.6 创建密码
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password('123456') where User="root" and Host="localhost";
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;2.7 停止实例
$ mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3307.sock shutdown $ mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3308.sock shutdown $ mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql3309.sock shutdown
三、启动脚本
#3307
#vim /home/multiMysql/bin/mysql3307
#!/bin/bash
mysql_port=3307
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="123456"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/multiMysql/etc/${mysql_port}.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql${mysql_port}.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql;;
kill)
function_kill_mysql;;
restart)
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql;;
*)
echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
esac#3308
#vim /home/multiMysql/bin/mysql3308
#!/bin/bash
mysql_port=3308
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="123456"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/multiMysql/etc/${mysql_port}.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql${mysql_port}.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql;;
kill)
function_kill_mysql;;
restart)
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql;;
*)
echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
esac#3309
#vim /home/multiMysql/bin/mysql3309
#!/bin/bash
mysql_port=3309
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="123456"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/multiMysql/etc/${mysql_port}.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /home/multiMysql/socket/mysql${mysql_port}.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql;;
kill)
function_kill_mysql;;
restart)
function_stop_mysql
function_start_mysql;;
*)
echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
esac
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